Religion & Peace

Analyze the Ottoman Empire’s millet system in Istanbul — an elaborate framework for governing religious difference. Learn how structured pluralism allowed for durable, yet unequal, interfaith coexistence.

Discover Abbasid Baghdad’s House of Wisdom, a scholarly center built on multifaith collaboration. Learn how Christians, Muslims, and Jews advanced knowledge through shared intellectual labor.

Explore how medieval Córdoba and Toledo became centers of multifaith scholarship, where Christians, Muslims, and Jews shared intellectual worlds despite political inequality.